Transformer.



C. H. THORDARSON.

TRANSFORNIER.

APPucMaon FILED 1;.N.24.1913. RENEwEDYsEPLZo. 1915. 1,259,565.

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Y Specification of Letters Eatent. 3)tente(Ma1j. 19, 1918.

l application med January 24, i913, serial No. Mecca Renewed september ec, i915. serial No.' 51,700.

To aZZ 'whom it may' concern:

Be it known that I, CHESTER H. 'llHoni `nAnsoN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Chicago, in the county `"of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Transformers; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and lexact description thereof, reference being-had to the accompanying drawings,` and to the characters of refthis" specification.

"ing medium'through determinate passages in the coil structure, and also arranged to give stability' and durability to the coil structure by bracing and stiifening the *windings The invention consists in the combination and arrangement ofthe parts shown in the drawing and described in the specication, 'and is set out in the appendedlclaims.

In'the drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation of a transformer embodying my improvements, showing the inclosing casing in section.

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fi 1. i

Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of i Fig. 6.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged s ide elevation of a portion of a coil embodying my invention.

Fig. an is a. fragmentary transverse section of the coil.Y

Fig. 5 yis a perspective view of a few as-V sembled laminations which make up the magnetic circuit. y

'Fi 6 is a side elevation of one of the winding units composing the coil. D

Fig. 7 is a transverse 'section on the line Fig. 8- illustrates one 'of the insulating erence marked thereon, which form a part of.

sheets which cover the corners of the outer units of the high tension coil on the faces adjacent to the low tension windingf As shown -in the drawings7 10 vdesignates the casing in which the transformer is inclosed. 11 designates, as a whole, the laminated magnetic `circuit structure. The detail of this structure is best shown in F ig. 5. It comprises, in the .illustrated embodiment of the invention, a series of superposed thin plates of good magnetic metal, each thickness embracing a member 12 of general E shape and a straight member 13 fitted to the margins of the end and intermediate terminals 14,15, respectively, of the member 12. The adjacent laminations, composed of the two members 12 and 13, respectively, are arranged in reverse relation with respect to each other so\ as to bring,` the strai ht bar portions 13 of one lamination l at yagainst the straight portion 12 of the other. lamination. This construction providesan exceedingly compact yind efficient magnetic circuit structure, and one which may be readily produced and assembled. The intermediate portion 15 of the structure constitutes the core member ofthe magnetic circuit structure, at each side of which are provided openings 16,16 (Fig. 5) to receive the parts of the coils or windings wound about said core member.

18V designates, as awhole, the primary winding ofthe coil made up of the units 19, 19 and 20, 20 designate the two units of the secondary winding. The units of the primary win ing may be connected together in series or in multiple, and the units of the secondary winding may be likewiseconneeted in series or in multiple.

The said Winding units herein shown havethe form of a generally rectangular iring, with the outer corners rou1id ed,-as best shown in Figs. 2 and 6. They are ar-Ky insulated from the units of the secondaryJ coil by means of separately applied mica or other suitable insulating plates 24 (Figs. -2

and 8) which may extend at their outer edges beyond .the edges of the units, and

thereby 'render .it unnecessary to close the' plates over` the corner edges of the units. Said insulating plates may be provided with marginal projections 24a to engage 4under the adjacent ends of the tapes 23 'or other -form of insulation used -to thereby .provide good insulating joints between said parts.

=The units of the secondary coil are con' fined between saidwinding tapes 23 and the Aside walls of' the openings 16 through which the members of the units extend and are spaced from the adjacent units of the primary winding by the tapes 23. This construction provides means for reliably hold:-` ing the windings or coils in proper relation' to each other and to the magnetic circuit structure, and also'provides'means to space the secondary ruits from the adjacent unitsl The laminations of the magnetic circuit structure are held in place by means of bolts :25, 25 whichextend through corresponding members of angle bars 26 arranged in the ends of said Imagnetic circuit structure.`

angles between the sides ofthe magnetic circuit structure `and the windings, said bolts oeing located at the upper and lower l' Other bolts extend through the other `members of the angle'bars and above and below` vthe magnetic circuit structure, and said latter bolts are y,each provided at eachend- 4Wit'hvi'nner and outer nuts 29, 30, respecltively', so-as to serve as spacing meansto prevent the membersof the angle bars,

through lwhich the latter bolts extend, be-

ing pressed inwardlyagainst the winding -units 20. In order to prevent the 1am-inations of the magnetic circuit structure from to the rsvof the lframe thus forme by said angle bars and4 bolts, the upper ends of the beinelaterally displaced relativel laminations are notched at 31 to engage the ',bolts25i Certain of the4 primary winding units are spaced by means providing between the. same passages for the flow of a cooling liquid, as oil orother insulating li uid contained within the casing l0 and 1n w ich the transformer is submerged. The spacing means may also, andas herein shown, do serve as means to brace or stien lthe coil. "The passages 4or ways are herein shown asl formed between the upper and lower1 pairs of .directing members 35, l35. One end of one member of each pairxextends to one side of the unit andis turned downwardly,

as shown 'at 36, while. the opposite end of the other member .ef the pair extends-to thev oppositev side of the unit and is curved upwardly `as shown at 3T. This is repeatedy -said members and 'overla Aat the upper side of the unit, the parts'having a generally symmetrical Arelation with respect to each other at the upper and lower sidesfof the opening for the core member.

Asia result thereis provided 4between the 1 strips of each pair a transverse way or conduit for cooling fluid between certain of the winding units, with one terminal there- -of arranged to receive a rising fluid, and

with theother terminal thereof arranged to direct the'fluid which passes through the conduit upwardly. .The-cooling fluid is returned to the bottom of the casing between the frame and the casing soasf to thereby bring the heated fluid into contact with they I relatively cool walls of the casing,to there\ by absorb. thelheat of said fluid. VThe 'de-i flection of the strips 35 at their ends has. also the further function ofvincreasing their bracing efficiency to stifl'en the coil. This is due to the fact that-said curved ends of 'the strips intersect a greater numbefof turns of the unit than otherwise, and in angular relation to the winding layers. The

`said strips 35' extend transversely through the magnetic circuit structure'and beyond the same at their ends, as most clearly shown in Fig. 6'.4 The lower strip of each pair' is provided with a branch 38 adjaf cent to the curved end'36 of the other strip i of the pair and Vsaid' branches extend transversely across the space between the membersof each pair and extend at" their upper` ends beyond the lowerends of the adjacent curved terminals36. This arrangement provides means for rigidly bracing the kembers of the unitswhich extend vthrough the magnetic4 circuit structure against lateral displacement, 4which tends' tov occurwhen the coils are energized. By reason of the fact that the side members of the` units, or those located at the sides of the magnetic circuit structure are transversely overlapped at-.their end portions v.by the'ends of the strips 35, and of the fact that the flat wire is very stiff in thedecyfluid naturally r-ising and the cooler fluid naturally seekin 'the lower part of the casing, or may be ot erwise effected, as desired. Thesaid directin members 35 are herein shown as attache ,to the winding units by means of-tapes 39 which partially surround at their mar -ns the innerl and outer margins of the mem ers tion of its width,the turns 'of the units4 at recting members extend.

The said winding units of the high and low tension coils'are alike, except as to the dimensions of the fiat wires forming the same. As a further and separate improvement the said units'are made as follows:

Between each turn of each winding is interposed tWo or more thin sheets L11 of insulatlng material, such as paper. 'Ihese sheets 'of insulating Vmaterial are made wider than lthe flat Wires of the windings and,`therefore, extend laterallyl beyond the margins of said wires, as shown in Fig. 4a, so asto insulate each turn of the winding from an adjacent f turn. In practice, I have found that a proxsjection of the\sides of the strips il beyond the wires 40 of one thirty-second to three sixty-fourths of an inch is efficient for transformers `of the size most often used. rIhese lstripsl of insulating material are made as ,thin as the ph Sical conditions will permit, having regar to the; ordinary handling thereof, and the wilndingof the same in the winding unit. For instance, I have used in high tension coils sheets of lessv than vone-thousandth of an inch 'in thickness. I have found that a single .of the winding units across which said di- 'thickness of insulating strip as, for instance,`

paper, is unreliable by. reason of the fact that flaws occurin-the.- aper and impair the insulating efficiency t ereof, and that to avoid such defects with a single strip of paper or insulating material, it is necessary to,4 rovide'astrip of such thickness 'as to ren er the coil structure excessively largev and heavy. By using two or more thin strips ofapaper, or like material, (two being usually. sufficient) the chances of flaws in the paper registering so as lto produce a throughppe'ning' 'n the superposed strips through lwhich one urn may be short circuited on, the other is so small as tobe negligible. vAsa result of this construction I am enabled toproduce a highly eiiicient insulation between the yturns of thewindings, and

at the same time reduce the thickness of the multiplesh'eet insulation as compared to asingle strip heretofore employed. I have found, in practice, that a coil er winding unit of a given capaclty may he reduced in dimensions substantially one-half of the` di` i mensions of the prior construction where a single eicient insulating sheet or strip between the turns is employed. The construcis not only compact, but is also of less ve weight as compared to the prior former constructions of equal efcieney, possible to reduce the wei half. is partially @j the reduetionof the I s of the coil ding the or windings insulatingght Moreover, a multi-sheet insulation is far superior in efliciency to any practical single sheet insulation heretofore used. After the.

units are wound,4 they may be yboiled in a suitable insulating liquid, such as paraiin, to

increase the insulatin efficiency of the paper, and to stiffen t In orderto brace orstiffenthe first few or inner turns of the winding units, the insu* lating strip for the first few made of a relatively thick insulating strip, applied byhand to the winding form, inasmuch as the pressure difference between the inner turns is not great.

e winding structure.

turns may be The transformer herein shown is a step down transformer but it will be understood that thesame' principles of construction are Vequally well adapted to a step-up transformer. I have not herein shown the termi-` nals for the coils, it being understood that in a step-down transformer the primary coils are connected to the energizing. circuit, and that the terminals of the secondary coils are connected to the distributing circuit. In

a step-up transformer this adjustment will be reversed. Moreover, the primary andl secondary may be balanced. In practice, it is convenient to connect the adjacent windings of the primary at their inner circumference, so that the leads to the exterior of thecoil may be' taken from their outer circumferences.' The terminals of the side units, however, may conveniently be taken from either the inner or the outer eircumference of the units. I have not herein shown the terminals but it will be underf.

inafter made the subject of specific claims or as imposed by the prior art. I claim asV my invention z- 1l. In an electrical transformer, the combination with -a plurality of spaced winteach composedof a spirally j ith insulating element heie turns t cof, of fluid directive; riding unit si cing strips between in er and lower pairs passages,-one str d donfngvardly a? s .je each pair directed 776,521, divided from the present applica- Lea wire windingunits suitably spaced and supported on the circuit structure, certain of the primary winding units being spacedby lfluid directing and bracing stri s extending across the parts of the coil inc uded in the I said circuit structure, said strips extending upon-the side parts of the winding units at the sides of the circuit structure and there turned at angles to .the bodies of vthe strip to'. thereby brace the turns of the winding units at the ends ofsaid side parts, and to direct the cooling fluid in definite pathsbetween the units of the coil structure.

3. In an electrical transformer, the combination with a magnetic circuit structure, em'- bracing a core member, a primary and al secondary coil surrounding the core member, each composed of a plurality of flat wire winding units suitably spaced andsupported on the circuit structure, certain of the primary winding units being spaced by racing strips `extending across the parts of the coil included in said circuit structure, said strips extending upon the side parts of the winding units at the sides of the circuit structure to thereby brace the turns of the winding units at the ends of said side parts, certain of the strips being provided with bracing and cooling fluid deflecting branches 4 extending transversely over the turns of thel adjacent sides of the winding units.

4. In an electrical transformer, the conibination with a plurality of spaced winding units of a coil, of fluid directing strips between the same arranged in upper and lower pairs to form passages, one of .the strips of each pair being directed downwardly 4at its end and the other strip of each pair directed upwardly at its end, one-0f the strips of each pair being provided with branches which extend across the space between said strips and transversely to the turns of the adjacent side of the winding unit.

5. In an electrical transformer, the combination with .a plurality of spaced winding units of a coil, of fluid directing. and coil bracing strips f between the unitsand arranged adjacent tothe margins of the upper and lower sides, ofthe c'oil to form between them passages to directv a cooling liquid be- `tween the units, and means for fastening the laminated magnetic circuit structure, embrac- 6 5 ing a core member, primary and secondary coils surrounding said core member, and extending laterally from the sides of the magnetic circuit structure, angle bars in the j angles between the circuit structure and the coils, with clamping bolts extendingv between corresponding members of the angle members to clamp the laminations of the circuit structure together, and spacing means extending between the other members of the angle bars to space the said latter members from the coil structures. l

l 7. An electrical transformer comprising a laminated magnetic circuit structure embracing a coremember, primary and secv,ondary coils surrounding said core member and extending laterally from th sides of the magnetic circuit structure, angle bars in the angles between the circuit structure and the coils, withfc'lamping bolts extending between 85 corresponding members of'the angle membersto clamp the laminationsof the circuit structure together, interlocking connections between said bolts and said laminations to hold the laminations from displacement with respect to the anglebars, and spacing means extending between the other members of the angle bars vto space said latter members from the coil structures.

8. An electrical transformer comprising a laminated magnetic 4circuit structure, ernbracing a core member, primary and secondary coils 4surroundin said core member and extending latera ly from the sides of the magneticcircuit structure, angle bars in the angles between the circuit structure and the coils, .with clamping bolts extending between corresponding memiers of the angle members to clamp the laminations of the circuit structure together, and spacing means 1 05v extending between the other members of the angle bars, the ends of the laminated magnetic circuit structure being notched, and

L'the clamping bolts engaging said notches.

'spacing means extending between the said other members of the angle bars.

10. An electrical transformer comprising a laminated magnetic circuit structure, cm- 126 bracing a core member, primary and secondary coils surrounding said core member and extending laterally from the sides of the circuit structure, and a frame for binding together the coil and circuit structuresl comprising angle bars havingmembers pressed against the laminated circuit strue,

them from each other and having spaces therebetween. for the How 0i: a cooling liquid., 'n testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention aix my signature in 15 the presence of two Witnesses, this 20th day of January, L D. 1913.

ennsrnn H. Ti-ionnnnsen.

Witnesses: v

VV'. L. Hem,

DOWLE. 

